# United States Grand Prix in the ground-effect era

Source: https://www.thef1formula.com/history/cota-in-ground-effect-2022-2025
Last updated: 2026-06-01

> The United States Grand Prix at Austin in the ground-effect era became a critical test of aerodynamic efficiency and tire management, particularly with the new regulations favoring Red Bull's dominant design.

The Circuit of the Americas (COTA), with its demanding first sector and high-speed sections, uniquely highlighted the aerodynamic sensitivities of the ground-effect cars introduced in 2022, particularly their interaction with the track's distinctive elevation changes and varied corner profiles. The return to tunnel-floor ground effect aerodynamics, coupled with 18-inch wheels and simplified front wings, fundamentally altered how cars generated downforce and handled COTA's diverse layout. This era demanded a car capable of both high-speed stability through the iconic esses of Sector 1 and strong mechanical grip for the slower, tighter corners of Sector 3, a balance that proved elusive for many teams.

Red Bull Racing notably mastered these new regulations, establishing a significant performance advantage that translated into dominance at COTA during the 2022 and 2023 seasons. Their RB18 and RB19 chassis demonstrated exceptional efficiency in generating downforce from the underfloor, coupled with a highly effective DRS system that maximized speed on COTA's long straights, such as the one leading to Turn 12. This combination allowed their drivers, particularly Max Verstappen, to exploit the track's high-speed sections while maintaining composure through the more technical elements. The ground-effect concept, as detailed by the [Formula 1 — official site](https://www.formula1.com/en), aimed to promote closer racing, but Red Bull's interpretation often saw them pull away, especially on circuits that rewarded aerodynamic efficiency.

Strategic considerations at COTA shifted with the ground-effect cars and 18-inch Pirelli tires. Tire degradation, always a factor on Austin's abrasive surface, became even more critical with the larger wheels, influencing optimal pit stop windows and compound choices. Teams had to balance the need for outright pace with preserving tire life, particularly given the high-energy demands of COTA's fast corners. The simplified front wings, a key component of the [FIA — F1 World Championship](https://www.fia.com/events/fia-formula-one-world-championship) regulations, also reduced the ability of cars to follow closely through high-speed corners, despite the overall aim of the regulations to improve racing.

COTA in the ground-effect era became a significant benchmark for car design philosophy. Teams that struggled to adapt their chassis to the new aerodynamic principles often found their weaknesses exposed across the circuit's varied demands. The challenges presented here were distinct from those at other ground-effect era venues like the [Austrian Grand Prix in the ground-effect era](/history/red-bull-ring-in-ground-effect-2022-2025), which features fewer high-speed changes of direction. Understanding COTA's unique demands under these regulations offers valuable insight into the broader performance characteristics of the 2022-2025 F1 machinery and how different teams approached the technical paradigm shift, a key chapter in the evolution of [Wikipedia: Formula One](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formula_One).

This period at COTA also serves as a fascinating contrast to previous eras, such as the [Austrian Grand Prix in the hybrid era](/history/red-bull-ring-in-hybrid-2014-2021), where power unit output and energy recovery systems played a comparatively larger role in overall performance. The ground-effect era at Austin underscored the renewed emphasis on aerodynamic prowess and how a well-integrated chassis could dominate a circuit with such a diverse technical profile.