F1 Glossary · racing
Apex
The apex is the innermost point of a racing line through a corner, where the car is closest to the inside curb to maximize speed.
Defining the Apex
In Formula 1, the apex—often called the "clipping point"—is the point on the inside of a corner where a car comes closest to the curb. It serves as the transition point between the entry phase (braking and turn-in) and the exit phase (unwinding the steering and accelerating). Finding the correct apex is fundamental to maintaining momentum and achieving the fastest possible lap time.
Why It Matters in Racing
Hitting the apex correctly allows a driver to take the straightest possible path through a curve, effectively increasing the radius of the turn. This reduces the lateral G-forces on the tires, allowing for higher speeds. In a race scenario, the choice of apex changes based on strategy. A "late apex" involves turning in later and hitting the inside curb further around the corner; while this makes the entry slower, it allows the driver to straighten the car earlier, maximizing acceleration onto the following straight. This is vital for defending a position or setting up an overtake on an upcoming straightaway.
Real-World Examples
Consider Turn 1 at the Circuit of the Americas (COTA). It is a sharp, uphill left-hander with a "blind" apex. Drivers cannot see the clipping point until they are nearly upon it, making precision difficult. Another example is the Fairmont Hairpin in Monaco. Because the turn is so tight, drivers must take an extremely tight apex, often glancing the front tire against the barrier or curb to minimize the distance traveled and ensure the car rotates sufficiently for the exit.
Common Misconceptions
A common point of confusion is the difference between the "geometric apex" and the "racing apex." The geometric apex is the physical midpoint of the corner's arc. However, F1 drivers rarely use it. Instead, they utilize a racing apex, which is usually located later in the corner. This "late apex" approach prioritizes exit speed over entry speed, which is generally more efficient for the high-torque power units used in modern Grand Prix racing.
Common questions
- What is a late apex?
- A late apex occurs when a driver turns into a corner later than usual, hitting the inside curb further around the bend. This technique squares off the exit, allowing the driver to get back on the throttle sooner and carry more speed down the following straight.
- What happens if a driver misses the apex?
- Missing the apex, or "running wide," forces the driver to take a longer route through the corner. This usually results in a slower exit speed and leaves the door open for following cars to overtake on the inside line.
- Is the apex always on a curb?
- Usually, yes. Drivers aim for the innermost part of the track to shorten the distance. However, on some tracks, hitting certain curbs too hard can unsettle the car's suspension, so drivers may intentionally stay slightly off the physical curb while still targeting the theoretical apex.