F1 技术实验室。

F1 引入了动能回收系统（KERS），车手可以通过回收个制动能量获得有限个额外推进力。早期系统重量大且可靠性欠佳，但验证了这一概念。

• ·KERS allowed: up to 60kW output, 400kJ per lap
• ·Double diffusers permitted (exploited by Brawn, Toyota, Williams)
• ·Slick tyres returned after 11 seasons of grooved rubber
• ·Front wing width increased to 1800mm, adjustable from cockpit

赛车运动史上技术最复杂的动力单元。1.6升涡轮增压V6发动机配合两个电机单元——一个收集涡轮废热（MGU-H），一个收集制动能量（MGU-K）——再加上电池和控制电子设备。

• ·1.6L turbocharged V6 replaces 2.4L naturally aspirated V8
• ·MGU-K: 120kW motor, harvests kinetic energy under braking
• ·MGU-H: harvests heat energy from turbo shaft
• ·Energy Store: 4MJ battery per lap
• ·Combined output: approximately 760bhp (600kW)

赛车变得更宽、更低、更快。更大的轮胎和翼片带来了显著增加的下压力——但也让近距离跟车变得极难，影响了超车。

• ·Car width increased from 1800mm to 2000mm
• ·Rear tyre width: 305mm → 405mm
• ·Lap times reduced by approximately 4-5 seconds
• ·Downforce increased by ~20%
• ·Dirty air turbulence increased — following cars lost 35-50% downforce

FIA推出了每赛季 $145M 的财务预算帽，缩小了厂商车队与私家车队之间的差距。这是一项改变F1竞争格局的里程碑式规则变革。

• ·$145M cost cap for 2021, reducing annually to $135M by 2023
• ·Excludes driver salaries, top 3 executives, marketing
• ·Parc fermé rules tightened to limit in-season development costs
• ·Token system for chassis development (limited changes per season)

F1空气动力学的全面重置。禁止使用高下压力的翼片，改用精心设计的底盘通过文丘里效应产生下压力——提供相似抓地力的同时大幅减少紊流尾迹，实现更近距离的拉锯战。

• ·Venturi tunnels in underbody replace complex multi-element wings
• ·Following car downforce loss reduced from ~50% to ~4-18%
• ·18-inch wheels replace 13-inch, eliminating high-sidewall "balloon" tyres
• ·Wheel covers introduced to reduce tyre turbulence
• ·DRS retained but restricted to two activation zones per circuit

自2014年以来F1最激进的技术规则变革。取消 MGU-H，MGU-K 的输出功率翻倍至 350kW，并用可动空气动力部件取代 DRS——实现真正的内燃机与电力 50/50 的动力分配。

• ·MGU-H eliminated — reduces cost and complexity, enables new manufacturers
• ·MGU-K output: 120kW → 350kW (3x increase)
• ·Power split: 50% ICE / 50% electrical at sustained output
• ·New manufacturers: Ford (Red Bull), GM/Cadillac, Audi
• ·Active front and rear aerodynamics replace DRS system
• ·Car weight target reduced from 798kg to 768kg