F1 技術室

F1 引入動能回收系統（KERS），讓車手能利用回收 嘅煞車能量獲得有限 嘅額外馬力。早期系統重量大且可靠性低，但成功驗證咗此概念。

• ·KERS allowed: up to 60kW output, 400kJ per lap
• ·Double diffusers permitted (exploited by Brawn, Toyota, Williams)
• ·Slick tyres returned after 11 seasons of grooved rubber
• ·Front wing width increased to 1800mm, adjustable from cockpit

賽車歷史上技術最複雜嘅動力單元。1.6公升V6渦輪增壓引擎，配合兩個電機升壓單元（一個回收渦輪熱能嘅 MGU-H，一個回收煞車能量嘅 MGU-K），再加上電池同控制電子系統。

• ·1.6L turbocharged V6 replaces 2.4L naturally aspirated V8
• ·MGU-K: 120kW motor, harvests kinetic energy under braking
• ·MGU-H: harvests heat energy from turbo shaft
• ·Energy Store: 4MJ battery per lap
• ·Combined output: approximately 760bhp (600kW)

賽車變得更寬、更低、更快。更大嘅輪胎同翼片產生顯著更多嘅下壓力，但亦令緊隨前車變得極之困難，阻礙超車。

• ·Car width increased from 1800mm to 2000mm
• ·Rear tyre width: 305mm → 405mm
• ·Lap times reduced by approximately 4-5 seconds
• ·Downforce increased by ~20%
• ·Dirty air turbulence increased — following cars lost 35-50% downforce

FIA 引入每季 $145M 嘅財務預算上限，拉近車廠大隊同獨立車隊之間嘅差距。呢個係改變 F1 競爭格局嘅里程碑式新制度。

• ·$145M cost cap for 2021, reducing annually to $135M by 2023
• ·Excludes driver salaries, top 3 executives, marketing
• ·Parc fermé rules tightened to limit in-season development costs
• ·Token system for chassis development (limited changes per season)

F1 空氣動力學嘅全面重置。禁用高下壓力翼片，改用特別設計嘅車底經文氏效應（Venturi effect）產生下壓力 — 喺提供相近抓地力嘅同時，大幅減少亂流，令近距離攻防更加可行。

• ·Venturi tunnels in underbody replace complex multi-element wings
• ·Following car downforce loss reduced from ~50% to ~4-18%
• ·18-inch wheels replace 13-inch, eliminating high-sidewall "balloon" tyres
• ·Wheel covers introduced to reduce tyre turbulence
• ·DRS retained but restricted to two activation zones per circuit

自 2014 年以來 F1 最激進嘅技術規則改動。取消 MGU-H，MGU-K 嘅電力輸出翻倍至 350kW，並以可動式空氣動力學元件取代 DRS — 打造出內燃機同電力各佔 50/50 嘅動力輸出。

• ·MGU-H eliminated — reduces cost and complexity, enables new manufacturers
• ·MGU-K output: 120kW → 350kW (3x increase)
• ·Power split: 50% ICE / 50% electrical at sustained output
• ·New manufacturers: Ford (Red Bull), GM/Cadillac, Audi
• ·Active front and rear aerodynamics replace DRS system
• ·Car weight target reduced from 798kg to 768kg